比利時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度評(píng)鑒
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
趙麗莉1,勞鑫鑫2
1.山東科技大學(xué)數(shù)字法治研究院；2.山東科技大學(xué)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)學(xué)院
摘要： 為降低數(shù)據(jù)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和提高數(shù)據(jù)流通效率，數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。基于歐盟數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)規(guī)則基礎(chǔ)，比利時(shí)確立了相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度，特別是優(yōu)先監(jiān)管特定行業(yè)、實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的應(yīng)急處理機(jī)制、要求數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)官的本地化、加強(qiáng)對(duì)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施數(shù)據(jù)的保護(hù)等內(nèi)容，但其依然面臨數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)資源和數(shù)據(jù)審查執(zhí)行實(shí)踐不足、部門協(xié)同性有限、數(shù)據(jù)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和監(jiān)督缺失、中小企業(yè)合規(guī)負(fù)擔(dān)增加等實(shí)施困境。有鑒于此，我國(guó)在推進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度建設(shè)方面，應(yīng)重視完善數(shù)據(jù)安全審查規(guī)則、提升數(shù)據(jù)安全審查機(jī)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立性、創(chuàng)新企業(yè)監(jiān)管方式等建議，促進(jìn)我國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)安全治理和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
中圖分類號(hào)：D912.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.05.007
引用格式：趙麗莉,勞鑫鑫. 比利時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度評(píng)鑒［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2025，44（5）：42-48.
引用格式：趙麗莉,勞鑫鑫. 比利時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度評(píng)鑒［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2025，44（5）：42-48.
Review of the data security review system in Belgium
Zhao Lili1, Lao Xinxin2
1.Digital Rule of Law Research Institute, Shandong University of Science and Technology; 2. Intellectual Property College, Shandong University of Science and Technology
Abstract： In order to reduce the data security risks and improve the efficiency of data circulation, the data security review system came into being. Based on the European Union data protection rules, Belgium has established the corresponding data security review system, especially in terms of prioritizing the supervision of specific industries, implementing strict emergency handling mechanism, requiring the localization of data protection officers, strengthening the protection of key infrastructure data, but it still faces implementation dilemmas that data protection resources and data review implementation practices are insufficient, collaboration is limited, data security risk assessment standards and supervision are lacking, compliance burden of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased. In view of this, in promoting the construction of data security review system in China, we should pay attention to suggestions such as improving the data security review rules, improving the independence of data security review institutions, and innovating enterprise supervision methods, to promote the high-quality development of China′s data security governance and the digital economy.
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引言
在大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代，從數(shù)據(jù)的概念來(lái)看，數(shù)據(jù)自身就天然帶有公共屬性，有學(xué)者直言“數(shù)據(jù)作為天然的公共品服從固有的互惠分享的原理”［1］，這里的數(shù)據(jù)并不區(qū)分掌握在何種主體手里。就個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)而言，在大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代也不再只作為一種絕對(duì)的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)或人格權(quán)對(duì)象而出現(xiàn)［2］，而是具有了“公共性”。由此可見(jiàn)，數(shù)據(jù)的公共性和流動(dòng)性決定了數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)的必要性［3］。然而，當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)安全影響著國(guó)家安全和個(gè)人信息安全，數(shù)據(jù)安全審查應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
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作者信息：
趙麗莉1,勞鑫鑫2
（1.山東科技大學(xué)數(shù)字法治研究院,山東青島266590；
2.山東科技大學(xué)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)學(xué)院，山東青島266590）
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