數(shù)據(jù)流通的歐盟戰(zhàn)略及其鏡鑒
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 9期
景然
（浙江工商大學(xué)法學(xué)院，浙江杭州310018）
摘要： 歐盟近年來著重數(shù)據(jù)流通，其相關(guān)戰(zhàn)略可提煉為數(shù)據(jù)主權(quán)、單一市場與共同空間。數(shù)據(jù)主權(quán)是歐盟因應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)博弈的核心戰(zhàn)略，內(nèi)松外嚴(yán)的數(shù)據(jù)流動模式為其理念。單一數(shù)據(jù)市場是維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)主權(quán)的關(guān)鍵路徑，歐盟制定系列法案意圖建設(shè)“公平、自立，跨地域、跨領(lǐng)域”的數(shù)據(jù)市場。共同數(shù)據(jù)空間是建設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)市場的助推機(jī)制，歐盟將基于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施打造若干數(shù)據(jù)空間。對此，中國須理性鏡鑒，立足國情而非削足適履，建構(gòu)扎根中國大地的數(shù)據(jù)流通制度體系。
中圖分類號：D92; D99
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.09.006
引用格式：景然.數(shù)據(jù)主權(quán)、單一市場與共同空間：數(shù)據(jù)流通的歐盟戰(zhàn)略及其鏡鑒［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（9）：36-41.
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.09.006
引用格式：景然.數(shù)據(jù)主權(quán)、單一市場與共同空間：數(shù)據(jù)流通的歐盟戰(zhàn)略及其鏡鑒［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（9）：36-41.
Data sovereignty,single market and common space: the EU strategy for data flows and its mirroring
Jing Ran
(School of Law, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China)
Abstract： The EU has focused on data flows in recent years, and its relevant strategies can be summarized as data sovereignty, single market and common space. Data sovereignty is the core strategy of the EU in response to the data competition, and the concept of a loose internal and strict external data flow model is its philosophy. The single data market is the key path to maintain data sovereignty, and the EU has enacted a series of laws to build a "fair and self-sustaining data market across geographic and sectoral boundaries". The common data space is a mechanism to help build the data market, and the EU will create several data spaces based on infrastructure. In this regard, China must be rational, based on national conditions rather than cutting the feet to fit the shoes, and build a data circulation system rooted in Chinese soil.
Key words : European Union; data sovereignty; data element market; data space; data base system
0 引言
隨著人類進(jìn)入數(shù)字時代，各國劍指數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展并著重施墨于數(shù)據(jù)流通。而歐盟在數(shù)據(jù)流通的戰(zhàn)略方面獨(dú)樹一幟，成為各國規(guī)則制定的重要標(biāo)尺。自《通用數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)條例》（GDPR）生效后，歐盟陸續(xù)發(fā)布多個數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)的文件，大體可以分為三類：第一類是以《歐州數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略》《歐洲數(shù)字主權(quán)》為代表的關(guān)于歐盟歷史以及未來五至十年實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)所需的政策措施和投資策略的戰(zhàn)略性文件；第二類是以《數(shù)字市場法案》（DMA）、《數(shù)字服務(wù)法案》（DSA）為代表的關(guān)于大型數(shù)字平臺的義務(wù)與監(jiān)管以及市場競爭規(guī)則的相關(guān)法律；第三類是以《數(shù)據(jù)治理法案》（DGA）、《數(shù)據(jù)法案》（DA）為代表的關(guān)于不同類型數(shù)據(jù)的流動方式以及相應(yīng)主體權(quán)利義務(wù)的相關(guān)法律。
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作者信息：
景然
（浙江工商大學(xué)法學(xué)院，浙江杭州310018）
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