法律經(jīng)濟學(xué)視閾下“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”的監(jiān)管困境及紓解
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 7期
雷潔
（華東政法大學(xué)刑事法學(xué)院，上海200042）
摘要： “大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”作為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟與人工智能算法發(fā)展的負外部性產(chǎn)物，一直存在理論與實踐上的爭議。在理論層面，學(xué)界對“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”的認知與定性觀點不一，存在差別定價、價格欺詐、價格歧視多種討論。在實踐層面，“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”是一個綜合性問題，在侵犯消費者權(quán)益的同時還涉及反壟斷、信息安全等多個維度，現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)范與監(jiān)管模式對該行為的回應(yīng)尚有不足。本文通過法律經(jīng)濟學(xué)的分析方法，對“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”進行法理基礎(chǔ)的解構(gòu)，明確“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”的價格歧視本質(zhì)，著重分析消費者權(quán)益減損、市場失靈等法律監(jiān)管困境，在此基礎(chǔ)上得出逆向選擇進行反歧視、制度創(chuàng)新完善監(jiān)管體系，正本清源強化算法權(quán)力治理等紓解建議，以期實現(xiàn)提高經(jīng)濟效率與維護消費者權(quán)益兩大目標(biāo)的衡平。
中圖分類號：D922.29
文獻標(biāo)識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.07.002
引用格式：雷潔.法律經(jīng)濟學(xué)視閾下“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”的監(jiān)管困境及紓解［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（7）：5-11.
文獻標(biāo)識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.07.002
引用格式：雷潔.法律經(jīng)濟學(xué)視閾下“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”的監(jiān)管困境及紓解［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（7）：5-11.
The regulatory dilemma and relief of Big Data Price Discrimination in the perspective of law and economics
Lei Jie
(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China )
Abstract： As a negative externality product of digital economy and artificial intelligence algorithm development, "Big Data Price Discrimination" has always been controversial in theory and practice. At the theoretical level, there are many doctrinal disputes on the cognition and characterization of "Big Data Price Discrimination", existing various discussions on differential pricing, price fraud and price discrimination. At the practical level, "Big Data Price Discrimination" is a comprehensive problem, which not only infringes on consumer rights but also involves antimonopoly, information security and other dimensions. The current legal norms and regulatory model still have insufficient responses to this behavior. Through the analysis method of law and economics, this paper deconstructs the legal basis of "Big Data Price Discrimination" and makes clear the essence of price discrimination of "Big Data Price Discrimination", especially focusing on the analysis of legal regulatory dilemmas such as the loss of consumer rights and market failure. On this basis, suggestions such as antidiscrimination by adverse selection,perfecting supervision system by institutional innovation and strengthening power governance by algorithm are put forward to improve the regulatory approach, expecting to achieve the balance between economic efficiency and consumer protection.
Key words : artificial intelligence; Ecommerce platform; market failure theory; consumer protection
0 引言
人工智能算法的發(fā)展與數(shù)據(jù)信息的規(guī)模式增長，在給消費者帶來更方便快捷生活體驗的同時，也逐漸顛覆著傳統(tǒng)的社會認知與商業(yè)邏輯。電商平臺通過算法技術(shù)對大數(shù)據(jù)作精準(zhǔn)分析，窺知消費者的購買能力與支付意愿后，實施個性化定價已經(jīng)成為較為普遍的現(xiàn)實，“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”問題也應(yīng)運而生。法律監(jiān)管無法有效界定及規(guī)制電商平臺的逾矩行為，消費者合法權(quán)益正面臨重重挑戰(zhàn)。在《關(guān)于平臺經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的反壟斷指南》《禁止濫用市場支配地位行為暫行規(guī)定》《互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)算法推薦管理規(guī)定》等一系列部門規(guī)章頒布前，“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”無論在法律定性抑或表現(xiàn)形式上都未能真正達成統(tǒng)一，反而在探討中衍生出諸多爭議，從法律經(jīng)濟學(xué)視閾下對“大數(shù)據(jù)殺熟”概念的厘清尤有必要。
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作者信息：
雷潔
（華東政法大學(xué)刑事法學(xué)院，上海200042）
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