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title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業" title="封測業">封測業與國際先進水平相比，仍有近10年的差距。國內封測業產品仍趨于同質化競爭，體現在市場、技術、成本、資金、人才等方面的惡性競爭，主要表現在封測企業近幾年來銷售量大幅增長，銷售額停滯不前，效益大幅下滑，企業缺乏創新造血機制。

??? 近幾年來，隨著國內本土封裝測試企業的快速成長以及國外半導體公司向國內大舉轉移封裝測試能力，中國的半導體封裝測試行業的發展充滿了生機。

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??? 封測業仍據IC產業半壁江山

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??? 從產業規模看，封測業是國內集成電路產業的主體，其銷售收入一度占產業整體規模的70%以上，封裝測試行業銷售收入的增長對國內集成電路產業整體規模的擴大起著極大的帶動作用。同時也有效帶動近幾年IC設計和芯片制造行業的迅猛發展。國內集成電路產業鏈比例正逐步趨于合理，其趨勢是設計業和芯片制造業所占比重迅速上升，封測業比重則逐步下降，但封測行業仍占據國內集成電路產業的半壁江山。2008年全國IC產業規模為1246億元，封測業為618.8億元，占比高達49.67%。

??? 以長電科技、通富微電、天水華天等為代表的國內本土封測企業已經成長起來，這些企業不僅在生產經營上具備了較大規模，而且在技術上也開始向國際先進水平靠攏。與此同時，跨國半導體企業繼續將封裝測試基地轉移到國內，Intel、ST、英飛凌、瑞薩、東芝、三星等國際主要半導體公司已先后在上海、無錫、蘇州、深圳、成都等地投資設立了封裝測試基地，目前全球前20大半導體廠商中已經有14家在國內建立了封裝測試企業。

??? 從目前國內封裝企業的封裝能力來看，年封裝能力過億塊的企業有9家，其中長電科技、通富微電、深圳賽意法和天水華天的年封裝能力超過了10億塊。在技術水平上，國內眾多封裝測試企業技術水平參差不齊。

??? 從產業鏈結構看，近幾年封測業在國內集成電路產業中所占的比重應繼續有所下降，并且這一趨勢今后還將延續。這不是說封測業的規模有所下降，反之應進一步做優、做大、做強，尤其是工藝技術、品種規格應快速提升，并以此有效帶動設計業、芯片制造業，封測業作為集成電路產業的重要組成部分，其重要性有增無減。

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??? 封測業地區集中度較高

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??? 目前，國內封裝測試企業主要集中于長三角地區、珠三角地區和京津環渤海灣地區，中西部地區的增勢明顯，其中長三角地區封測業占到全國的75%左右。封測產業集中度最高省份為江蘇，其中江蘇占全國封測業的59.6%，其次為上海、廣東及西部地區。但從國內封測業的發展情況來看，這種格局逐漸被打破，正在重新組合之中。由于半導體封測項目相對芯片制造項目具有投資較少，技術難度相對較低，并能明顯帶動就業，更貼近整機應用市場的特點，因而包括廣東、成都、西安等許多省市都將封測業作為本地區半導體產業乃至信息產業發展的重點，并大力開展這類項目的招商引資，封測業有可能出現區域性轉移的趨勢。

??? 江蘇省集成電路封裝測試業是全國的龍頭省份。現有封測企業近80家，主要集中在蘇州市、無錫市和南通市，分別占到全省封測業的61.5%、26.8%和8.0%，三市合計共占到全省的96.4%。就封測業經濟形態來看，蘇州市主要以外資為主，無錫市和南通市主要以民營和合資為主。就封測業技術來看呈現高、中、低三個層次。在集成電路封測上，江蘇省主要以傳統封裝形式為主。近幾年有很大提高和發展，正在努力追趕先進技術水平。

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??? 產品趨于同質化競爭

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??? 國內封測業在快速發展的同時中也存在一些突出的問題：首先在整體技術水平上，國內封測行業仍以中低端封裝形式為主，與國際先進水平仍存在較大差距，已經難以滿足國內設計和芯片制造行業發展的要求；其次在市場上，目前國內封裝企業主要是接受客戶或母公司的委托加工訂單，服務性行業的特點決定了其極易受市場波動的影響，從而給企業的生產經營帶來較大的風險。此外，國內測試行業目前還十分弱小，測試業務主要集中在芯片制造和封裝企業當中，獨立的測試企業僅有上海華嶺等不足10家，且基本無規模優勢，難以滿足國內集成電路產業整體發展的要求。

??? 我國半導體封測業與國際先進水平相比，仍有近10年的差距。國內封測業產品仍趨于同質化競爭，體現在市場、技術、成本、資金、人才等方面的惡性競爭，主要表現在封測企業近幾年來銷售量大幅增長，銷售額停滯不前，效益大幅下滑，企業缺乏創新造血機制。

??? 在封測業市場競爭中，資金是主要壓力之一。要建一條較大規模且技術水平較好的封測企業，得花幾千萬直至上億美元的投資。這些資金的籌措，對我國中小型封測企業來說，仍是可望而不可即的。為了發展，要進行新技術的引進，新工藝的采用，產品的研發以及設備儀器的添置更新等等，這些都需要大量的資金。

??? 封測企業要進入高端封裝，在技術、資金、人才上都有很大的困難。我國半導體封測業面臨人才短缺和流動性較大的壓力，半導體高端封測是技術含量相對較高，應用技術強的一個行業。我國在封裝設計、制造、工藝、材料、設備、微控制、失效分析、測試、市場應用等方面相關工程技術人員的缺口很大，尤其是高端封裝系統的人才更缺。表現在人力資源成本持續上升，企業面臨人力資源結構性短缺和成本上升雙重壓力。

??? 我國半導體封測業的產品成本正在逐年提高，主要原材料漲價幅度較大，長三角地區勞力成本上升，導致了產品成本居高不下，人民幣升值的壓力又阻礙了出口市場的持續增長，原材料價格的大幅波動，導致企業必須承擔巨大的庫存風險，甚至威脅到企業的生存。