1.項目背景

糧食是人類賴以生存的基本物質(zhì)，是關(guān)系國計民生的重要物資，糧食始終是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，社會穩(wěn)定，國家自立的基礎(chǔ)。

目前我國地方各大糧庫都存在著，不同程度的糧食變質(zhì)問題，大部分糧庫還采用人工測溫的方式，不僅增大糧庫工作人員的工作量，且效率低，效果差。尤其是大型糧庫的溫度測量不能及時而徹底的完成，導(dǎo)致大面積的壞糧。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，我國每年因糧食存儲不當(dāng)而發(fā)霉變質(zhì)的糧食就達(dá)上億斤，造成了無法估量的損失。

糧食的溫濕度是影響糧食儲藏的最重要參數(shù)，如何控制好糧庫的溫濕度就變成了，保證糧食質(zhì)量的唯一的手段。北京惠企物聯(lián)科技，立足于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的研發(fā)與應(yīng)用，積極響應(yīng)國家“大力發(fā)展物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的號召，以“全面感知-可靠傳遞-智能處理”為核心理念，在詳細(xì)的了解了糧庫應(yīng)用工藝后，將ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" 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title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE" title="ZIGBEE">ZIGBEE技術(shù)充分的應(yīng)用到糧庫的智能管理中，使得糧庫的過程管理更加的科學(xué)和高效。

2.糧庫溫控現(xiàn)狀

早期的糧庫溫濕控制，主要是采用干溫度表、毛發(fā)濕度計、雙金屬式測量計、濕度測試紙等測試器材人工檢測。它是將溫度計放入到插桿中，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗插在糧堆的多個測溫點，管理人員定期拔出讀數(shù)，來確定糧食溫度的高、低，進(jìn)而決定是否倒糧。這種方法有一定的作用，但是由于溫度計精度、人工讀數(shù)錯誤、人工讀數(shù)效率低下等原因。導(dǎo)致溫控檢測速度慢、精度低、抽樣不徹底、局部溫度過高不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了局部糧食發(fā)霉變質(zhì)，引起大面積壞糧。

3.系統(tǒng)簡介

本系統(tǒng)是采用最先進(jìn)的ZigBee無線傳輸技術(shù)。在糧庫的不同地方分置溫濕度傳感器，溫濕度傳感器是采用無線傳輸，將現(xiàn)場測量到的數(shù)據(jù)通過無線電磁波，傳送給糧庫內(nèi)的讀寫器，讀寫器再通過無線中繼器，將數(shù)據(jù)無線傳輸給電腦，電腦將接受到的數(shù)據(jù)存儲，并與系統(tǒng)設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值比較。若現(xiàn)場值超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，系統(tǒng)會報警告知管理人員，并會自動的控制風(fēng)機等設(shè)備作降溫處理。

4.系統(tǒng)模塊

4.1硬件組成

4.1.1溫濕度標(biāo)簽：

該溫濕度標(biāo)簽是由3部分組成：微型模擬溫濕度傳感器、單片機、無線收發(fā)模塊，標(biāo)簽內(nèi)帶有全球唯一的ID號。

微型模擬溫濕度傳感器：是采用微型的模擬傳感器，該傳感器將時時的采集糧庫內(nèi)的溫濕度參數(shù)，并將該數(shù)據(jù)傳送給單片機處理。該傳感器是采用TI公司的智能模塊，即高精，超微，高穩(wěn)定性于一身。非常適合于較小空間內(nèi)的測溫傳感。

單片機：采用增強型的8051單片，是工業(yè)控制中比較經(jīng)典的單片機，具有穩(wěn)定可靠的性能，和強大的功能。該單片機接收到溫濕度信號后，通過A/D智能轉(zhuǎn)換及放大，將數(shù)字信號傳送給無線收發(fā)模塊。

無線收發(fā)模塊： 將單片機傳送過來的數(shù)字信號調(diào)制成電磁波。采用TI公司的CC2420芯片，電源供電，2.4~2.5GHZ通訊頻段，最遠(yuǎn)可無線傳輸1000米。

該溫濕度標(biāo)簽的主要功能即為：采集現(xiàn)場的溫濕度數(shù)據(jù)，通過無線發(fā)送到讀寫器，并經(jīng)由讀寫器將數(shù)據(jù)上傳給電腦。

溫濕度標(biāo)簽的分類：

盒式溫濕度標(biāo)簽：

4.1.2讀寫器：

將接受到的電磁波信號，通過解調(diào)。讀寫器內(nèi)同樣集成單片和收發(fā)模塊，讀寫器的收發(fā)模塊只接受傳感器標(biāo)簽的發(fā)送信號。讀寫器將解調(diào)過的信號，利用串口，網(wǎng)口上傳給電腦。

4.1.3電腦：

采用工業(yè)控制機，內(nèi)置可靠的工業(yè)串口或網(wǎng)口，保證了數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)姆€(wěn)定性；系統(tǒng)采用組態(tài)軟件，可實現(xiàn)快速的數(shù)據(jù)分析能力，及強大的I/O口擴展控制。

4.2軟件組成：

動態(tài)記錄功能：連續(xù)如實的采集和記錄監(jiān)測溫度、濕度等參數(shù)的情況，以數(shù)字和圖形、表格方式進(jìn)行實時顯示和記錄監(jiān)測信息；

超限報警功能：在出現(xiàn)異常數(shù)據(jù)的時候，如溫濕度、濕度超過上下限時，可以按照使用人員指定的方式輸出多種報警。如：聲音報警、電話振鈴報警、發(fā)送電子郵件報警、短消息報警，可設(shè)置短消息群發(fā)，并且系統(tǒng)可在不同的時刻通知不同的值班人員；

數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析功能：實時顯示或者歷史顯示房間的各參數(shù)曲線變化，可以同時顯示多個不同房間的環(huán)境參數(shù)曲線，更方便比較分析。可顯示參數(shù)列表、實時曲線圖（對應(yīng)具體數(shù)值并任意調(diào)整坐標(biāo)）、實時數(shù)據(jù)、折算數(shù)據(jù)、累計數(shù)據(jù)、歷史、報警畫面、報表等多種顯示、統(tǒng)計功能更加貼近用戶需求；

5.流程介紹

當(dāng)在糧庫中，安放好標(biāo)簽后，標(biāo)簽會時時采集糧庫中的溫濕度信息；并自動的將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給讀寫器；讀寫器并將數(shù)據(jù)通過串口或網(wǎng)口，傳輸給電腦；電腦將接受到的數(shù)據(jù)存儲并比較，系統(tǒng)會掉出設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，與采集到的現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)做比較；當(dāng)現(xiàn)場的溫濕度高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時，電腦則通過其I/O控制口，控制現(xiàn)場的風(fēng)機啟動降溫；在此同時電腦會時時通過傳感器的信號，監(jiān)控糧倉內(nèi)的溫濕度，知道達(dá)到設(shè)定值。

舉例：

每只溫濕度傳感器都帶有一個ID號，而此ID號是有24位的字母、數(shù)字組成，可以實現(xiàn)無限的序號組合，即可實現(xiàn)全球唯一ID號；

每只標(biāo)簽的ID號與其所在的位置是相對應(yīng)的，這個可以在系統(tǒng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時，位置綁定在該ID號的信息中。即當(dāng)系統(tǒng)讀取到序號為“1234567”的ID號時，系統(tǒng)即會知道該標(biāo)簽是處于：第6號倉的，第3只溫濕度標(biāo)簽，具體位置是：高6.5米;距離A面墻3.2米；距離B面墻6.2米；如該標(biāo)簽測量的溫度較高時，系統(tǒng)就會知道具體的位置，方便調(diào)整。

當(dāng)標(biāo)簽測量到現(xiàn)場的數(shù)據(jù)后，即會利用自身內(nèi)置電源，激活單片機中的無線收發(fā)模塊，將數(shù)據(jù)無線發(fā)出，傳輸距離可最長達(dá)1000米；標(biāo)簽的發(fā)送距離可以根據(jù)現(xiàn)場的具體距離調(diào)制，可做到10~1000米間調(diào)整。  同時標(biāo)簽利用電磁波傳送，具有較強的穿透力，即便將標(biāo)簽植入糧食內(nèi)，同樣可以準(zhǔn)確讀取。

標(biāo)簽將數(shù)據(jù)傳送到讀寫器，讀寫器通過解調(diào)過來的數(shù)據(jù)，并通過串口485總線傳送給電腦。讀寫器掛式的安裝到糧倉外部，在通過線纜傳送給電腦數(shù)據(jù)。這樣可以為空間有限的糧倉節(jié)省空間，同時避免倉內(nèi)繁瑣布線的問題。

電腦接收讀寫器過來的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，并與系統(tǒng)內(nèi)設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值作比較。如下顯示：

當(dāng)系統(tǒng)檢測到溫度，或濕度超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時，一方面報警告知管理人員，由倉管員處理；另一方面會自動控制倉內(nèi)的降溫設(shè)備開啟：像開啟風(fēng)機排濕，排熱；或通過調(diào)整其他的設(shè)備。系統(tǒng)同時會時時檢測標(biāo)簽傳過來的溫濕度值，當(dāng)溫濕度降到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值時，系統(tǒng)即控制降溫設(shè)備關(guān)閉。