關鍵字：新能源汽車電機控制全景視頻 MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" 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title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU" title="MCU">MCU 虛擬儀表
中國汽車行業繼續穩坐全球汽車產銷量第一的“寶座”，但隨之而來的卻是一連串的社會問題：原油對外依存度超過50%的國際公認安全警戒線；汽車尾氣占城市廢氣超過65%…..新為全球解決傳統能源汽車帶來的環境問題和能源問題提供了最佳的機會，成為全球持續關注的熱點。在近日舉行的中國（重慶）汽車電子高峰論壇上，基于新能源汽車的電子設計也成為熱點話題。
“其實，除了不一樣的驅動方式，新能源汽車與傳統汽車并無本質的區別，更佳的駕駛與乘坐體驗和更高安全性依然是汽車設計的主要挑戰。”富士通半導體（上海）有限公司市場總監王鈺指出，“在舒適性和安全性上，視頻技術獲得越來越廣泛的應用，而電機作為新能源汽車的核心部件，高效率、高性能的控制技術是實現舒適性和安全性的重要保障。”在本屆論壇上，富士通向中國汽車電子廠商和整車廠商展示了解決新能源汽車設計挑戰的領先汽車電子系統解決方案。
電機控制是新能源汽車的關鍵
變頻概念近年來成為包括空調、洗衣機、電冰箱等家電產品的絕對熱點，其中的關鍵即是電機的控制技術。而作為新能源汽車的核心部件，電動汽車電機控制要求更高——電機的平穩運轉、快速啟動和制動以及電機效率背后都涉及到電機控制的關鍵技術，將直接關系到電能利用效率、整車性能、駕駛體驗以及車輛行駛安全。
作為傳統消費和工業電機控制方案的全球主要供應商，富士通在新能源汽車電機控制上也走在了前列，其32位電機控制MCU MB91F267NA已經取得不少成功應用。日前，富士通再次針對新能源汽車對電機控制的獨特需求，發布了3款電動汽車電機控制MCU MB91580系列。作為高性能32位閃存嵌入微控制器(MCU)的FR家族成員，該系列產品可廣泛應用于電動汽車和混合動力汽車的電機控制。該系列節能汽車驅動電機控制芯片擁有專用嵌入旋轉變壓器感應器接口，能夠開拓性地控制電動汽車和混合動力汽車中使用的三相電機。
圖1：電機控制MCU發展路線圖
隨著新能源汽車技術逐漸成熟，電機控制系統面臨越來越高的要求：用于無傳感器矢量控制的復雜算法和高級建模需要出色的處理能力；需要具有性能、效率、易用性以及成本方面的綜合優勢。MB91580系列就內置可適用于電動及混合汽車電機控制的CPU內核和外設功能，值得一提的是旋轉變壓器感應器內置了專用接口電路，可降低系統成本，并通過實現驅動電機必須的高轉矩響應控制過程達到改善電機運行和降低能耗的目的。
高效率、低成本地實現高轉矩汽車電機的控制過程極具挑戰性。MB91580系列通過集成關鍵外設功能實現了降低系統成本、高速反饋控制，達到改善電機運行和低能耗的目的。MB91580集成的主要功能特性還包括：具有高精度檢測電流和電機位置的12位A/D轉換器和R/D轉換器，R/D轉換器檢測電角度，與檢測三相電流的A/D轉換器同步；集成專用計算電路，因此可自動計算內置R/D轉換器檢測到的電角度的正弦和余弦值。“除了解決方案本身的性能特性外，電機控制相關算法也非常關鍵。富士通可以提供包括成熟的180度變頻控制在內的各種核心關鍵算法，因此在新能源汽車的電機控制領域具有特殊的技術優勢。”王鈺指出。
高性能電機控制系統通常包括核心伺服功能、運動描述和主機通信功能，對處理器的處理能力提出了很高的要求。而MB91580系列內置高性能CPU內核，集成在160DMIPS高性能CPU內的專用浮點運算單元利用內置外設功能生成的信息處理向量轉換和PID控制運算，該特性通過實現進一步快速反饋控制可以改善電機運行和降低能耗。
作為新能源汽車的核心部件。電機控制不僅關系著整車性能還與行車安全息息相關。在富士通的電機控制MCU設計中充分考慮了安全特性，通過6大安全機制來保證系統運行的安全可靠，包括：在系統啟動前進行MCU的自我診斷、總線自診斷、RAM的自診斷；程序非法運行時非法輸出端口保護；系統運行期間進行總線診斷、RAM錯誤糾正、閃存錯誤糾正。據透露，富士通在未來的產品計劃中，還將增加核心MCU的冗余設計（例如雙核或多核）以實現更強的系統保護。
圖2：電機控制MCU融合了六大安全保障特性。
視頻技術提升用戶體驗和安全特性
知名調研機構iSuppli指出，一線供應商在為汽車開發系統時，必須滿足三大關鍵條件，其中之一是必須支持視頻顯示和反饋。事實上，近年來汽車電子領域最具吸引力且成長最快的部分為基于顯示終端的車載信息娛樂系統以及虛擬儀表系統。這些電子系統需要高性能的視頻圖像處理能力，要求高速進行大量實時成像數據的復雜處理。“富士通非常重視這塊業務市場，目前富士通占有該領域全球領先的市場份額。”王鈺指出。
在本屆汽車電子峰會上，富士通公司重點展示了基于領先視頻處理技術的三維全景系統，吸引了與會專業人士的極大興趣。這種基于MB86R11“Emerald-L”2D/3D圖像SoC的全景視頻系統支持前后左右四個攝像頭進行汽車周邊環境的實時全景視頻監測。據悉，MB86R11采用了獨特的視頻處理算法，四個攝像頭采集的圖像通過芯片進行視頻捕捉、3D繪圖后，呈現給駕駛員的是LCD上清楚顯示的車周全景圖像，實現身臨其境的視覺效果，使駕駛員在停車、行車、轉彎等條件下都能準確進行周邊行車條件的判斷。由于芯片本身集成了高性能的圖形處理和中央處理器、存儲器控制器，通過硬件的方式實現實時的四路視頻信息處理，避免了一般視頻處理芯片進行大量實時視頻信息處理時的性能瓶頸。
圖3：汽車中視頻、圖像顯示應用。
全景視頻監控是先進的視頻處理技術的一種應用之一，MB86R11還可以支持汽車數字儀表板和導航系統的圖像顯示，以及在中高端汽車中將大量采用的基于圖形芯片的虛擬儀表技術。除MB86R11以外，富士通去年還推出了采用MB91590系列主芯片設計的圖形化汽車儀表參考方案，支持GDC強大圖形功能和倒車輔助影像顯示，同期還針對采用段型液晶顯示的儀表板推出了兩款MB91570系列產品。
事實上，基于MB86R11實現的全景視頻功能不僅僅可以給汽車駕駛帶來360度的無障礙視覺效果，強大的視頻處理能力還可以實現更多的安全功能。“該方案可以結合智能視頻識別技術，實現包括路基識別、分界線識別、各種安全標示識別等主動安全功能。”王鈺表示。此外，處理能力超強的視頻芯片還可以進行更多的安全應用功能擴展，例如基于指紋識別的防盜功能、影像倒車輔助功能以及行車記錄儀，等等。據悉，目前該芯片的汽車全景視覺應用已經可提供完整的參考設計，并實現了包括主動安全功能在內的多種功能開發。
緊密合作解決廠商技術困惑
常規汽車電子成本比重為17%，混合動力電子成本在40%左右，而純電動汽車的電子元器件占整車的成本將增加到60%，電子電路對于整車功能、性能和成本的影響將起決定性作用。“新能源車的電控技術更復雜，整車廠必須進行復雜的功能邏輯開發、算法研究和基于模型的仿真測試，這些對于我們來說都面臨挑戰，希望方案提供商給予更多的技術支持。”會場一位來自國內某知名汽車廠商的技術研發負責人坦率提出了自己困惑。
事實上，為順利地將半導體方案運用于產品設計中，半導體公司一般都會提供個各種支持工具。例如，針對車載視頻功能開發，富士通公司可以向工程師提供初學者套件、樣本程序及方便設計者通過可視化測試顯示屏設計的圖形設計工具，并提供圖形庫。“不僅功能和邏輯設計很關鍵，整車廠商還必須進行大量的現場測試，這也是非常重要的工作。我們給客戶提供成熟的參考設計方案并支持基于參考設計的應用開發的同時，還基于現場支持的豐富經驗，對客戶測試中的問題給予指導，這對于廠商加快產品開發、提高產品性能非常關鍵。”王鈺指出，“特別是新能源汽車的核心電機控制方面，我們擁有一支非常強大的中國本土研發團隊專門針對電機控制和驅動技術進行研發，豐富的應用開發經驗讓我們的產品方案更適合中國本土客戶。”
如何降低新能源汽車成本成為汽車行業人士關注的共同話題，而作為占據純電動車成本60%以上的半導體器件非常關鍵。“我們已經推出和即將推出的多款方案特別注意了低成本設計，例如我們即將推出的高壓MCU產品將集成高壓輸出，可以直接輸出40V、60V或80V高壓，使包括門窗、雨刮等電機控制的方案設計更加簡單化、低成本。”王鈺表示。除了高壓MCU，富士通還通過在產品中實現更多的功能集成來降低成本，例如在最新的電機控制MCU中就集成了傳感器接口和控制功能，將模擬電路技術與Flash MCU集成，在高壓MCU中將集成電池管理功能，等等。